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Vietnam Vietnam, a nation located along the eastern coast of mainland Southeast Asia, has had a turbulent history. Emerging as a distinct civilization during the first millennium BC, Vietnam was conquered by China during the early Han dynasty and subjected to 1,000 years of foreign rule. In AD 939 the Vietnamese restored their independence and gradually expanded southward along the coast from their historic homeland in the YUAN (Red) River valley. In the 19th century Vietnam was conquered once again and absorbed, along with neighboring Cambodia (now Kampuchea) and Laos, into French INDOCHINA. Patriotic elements soon began to organize national resistance to colonial rule, however, and after World War II, Communist-led Viet Minh guerrillas battled for several years to free the country from foreign subjugation. In 1954, at the GENEVA CONFERENCE, the country was divided into Communist-led North Vietnam and non-Communist South Vietnam. For the next 20 years, both North and South Vietnam were involved in the VIETNAM WAR. That conflict came to an end when Communist forces from the north occupied Saigon (now HO CHI MINH CITY) in April 1975. Today, the Vietnamese government is attempting to lead the entire nation to socialism. But domestic unrest and foreign-policy problems, compounded by renewed tensions with China over the Vietnamese occupation of Kampuchea, keep Vietnam a garrison state. LAND AND RESOURCES Vietnam, is shaped like a giant letter "S", extending some 1,600 km (1,000 mi) from the Chinese border to Point Ca Mau (Baibung) on the Gulf of Thailand. At its widest, it reaches a width of about 560 km (350 mi). In the narrow center, it it less than 50 km (30 mi) wide. Much of Vietnam is rugged and densely forested. A chain of mountains called the Truong Son (Annamese Cordillera) extends more than 1,287 km (800 mi) from the Yuan River delta east of HANOI to the Central Highlands south of Laos. For much of that distance, these mountains form the border between Vietnam and Laos and Cambodia. The highest point in the country, Fan Si Pan, rises to 3,143 m (10,312 ft) in the mountainous northwest, near the Chinese border. Poor soils and heavy rains make the mountainous areas relatively unsuitable for agriculture. The large deltas of the Yuan River in the north and the MEKONG RIVER in the south are rich in alluvial basaltic soil brought down from South China and inner Southeast

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Referat VIETNAM

VIETNAM

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