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Referat The Subjunctive

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THE SUBJUNCTIVE A. Prezent . Are aceeasi forma cu infinitivul scurt . Se foloseste : - pentru a exprima urari care implica divinitatea ; e.g. Lord bless you ! Be happy ! Enjoy your lunch !(= Pofta buna!) Sleep tight !(= Somn usor!) - in engleza veche (Old English) apare in regula I a lui IF ; e.g. If she be the one , I'll be happy for you . If this prove right , you will be punished . - in engleza americana (American English) este folosit in locul subjonctivului cu "should ". B. Past Are aceeasi forma cu past tense-indicativ ( pentru "to be" este forma "were" la toate persoanele ). Se foloseste : - in regula a II-a a lui IF ; - dupa verbul wish , pentru a exprima o dorinta / regret in legatura cu o actiune prezenta . - dupa constructiile ipotetice , pentru a exprima o ipoteza sau un regret legat de o actiune prezenta ; CONSTRUCTII IPOTETICE (HYPOTHETICAL CONSTRUCTIONS) : as if / as though (= ca si cum , de parca), if only (= ce bine ar fi daca , ce bine era daca ...), it's high time , would rather (= as prefera , as vrea ) , had better (= mai bine , mai degraba ) . e.g. I wish they helped me with the translation . She speaks as if she didn't know me . He knows it's high time we left . I would rather he washed the car . ATENTIE ! : * would rather este urmat de infinitiv scurt daca face referire la actiunile aceluiasi subiect . e.g. I would rather go now than stay till the end . They would rather take the exam this year . * had better este urmat intotdeauna de infinitiv scurt , pentru ca se refera doar la actiunile aceluiasi subiect . e.g. You had better keep quiet . She'd better forgive him for his mistakes . EXCEPTIE ! Daca dorinta sau ipoteza se refera la o actiune viitoare , despre care vorbitorul stie ca nu se va realiza niciodata , se foloseste "would"+ infinitiv scurt. e.g. I wish they wouldn't smoke so much . They wish she wouldn't marry a foreigner . If only he wouldn't eat so much garlic . C. Past Perfect Are aceeasi forma cu past perfect-indicativ . Se foloseste : - in regula a III -a a lui IF . - dupa verbul "wish" sau constructiile ipotetice , pentru a face referire la o actiune trecuta , care nu s-a realizat conform asteptarilor , dar nu se mai poate modifica . e.g. We wish they had told her the truth . Nobody wishes she had been present . Good Gracious , you look as if you had seen a ghost . If only I hadn't forgotten my keys . She would rather you hadn't refused her . ATENTIE ! * dupa had better si would rather ( cand se refera la acelasi subiect ) folosim infinitiv perfect pentru a face referire la trecut . e.g. You had better have waited outside . They would rather have given up that job . D. Subjonctivul cu "Should" Este cerut de "that" si compusii lui that: so that , in order that , in case (that) , for fear (that)(+ verb afirmativ) , lest (=so that not + verb afirmativ). * "That" poate introduce diverse tipuri de subordonate : subiective , predicative , atributive , completive directe . e.g. :

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Referat The Subjunctive

The Subjunctive

Categorie: Referate Engleza

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Alte referate din materia: Engleza