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The Nile River
Nile, longest river in the world, located in northeastern
Africa. From its principal source, Lake Victoria, in east central
Africa, the Nile flows north through Uganda, Sudan, and Egypt to the
Mediterranean Sea, a distance of 5584 km (3470 mi). From its remotest
headstream in Burundi, the river is 6,695 km (4,160 mi) long. The
river basin covers an area of more than 3,349,000 sq km (more than
1,293,000 sq mi).At 4,132 miles (6,650 km.), the Nile River is the
longest river in the world. It has its origins in Burundi, south of
the equator, and flows northward through northeastern Africa,
eventually flowing through Egypt and finally draining into the
Mediterranean Sea. Three principal streams form the Nile. In
Ethiopia's highlands, water flows from the Blue Nile and the Atbara.
Headstreams of the White Nile flow into Lake Victoria and Lake
Albert. The Nile River basin is immense and occupies an area about
one-tenth of the continent of Africa. It includes portions of
Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Zaire, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, The Sudan,
and Egypt. It is estimated to drain an area of 1,293,000 square miles
(3,349,000 sq. km.)The Nile receives its name from the Greek Neilos,
which means a valley or river valley. The river flowed northward and
flooded the lands in Egypt, leaving behind black sediment. As a
result the ancient Egyptians called the river Ar or Aur (black). The
Greeks and Egyptians also gave the land its oldest name Kem or Kemi,
which also translates into black. The river's water and the fertile
soil along its banks created the perfect setting for the evolution of
the civilizations that existed in the ancient world. The ancient
peoples that lived along the river's banks cultivated the art of
agriculture and were one the first to utilize the plow. Throughout
the year, the Nile serves as a constant source of water. This enables
farming along its banks in spite of the high temperatures that occur.
In those regions, especially The Sudan, where there is enough
rainfall to support cultivation, the high temperatures evaporate
enough of the water making irrigation necessary. In addition to its
vital role in agriculture, its waterways also play a major role in
transportation. During seasonal flooding it enables transportation to
those areas where road access is not possible. During the 20th
century, dependence on the waterways as a sole source of
transportation has been reduced as facilities for air, rail and
highways have expanded.
III. Economic Importance Print section Irrigation along much of the
river supports the growth of agricultural products such as cotton,
wheat, sorghum, dates, citrus fruits, sugarcane, and various legumes.
Local communities fish its waters. Ferries and barges navigate
between Aswan and Qina in Egypt |