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Referat Naval vessel types

Naval vessel types

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Naval Vessel Types In Worl War II There are many different types of ship, all designed for specific purposes and many with a long history of development behind them. This document attempts to detail the main types of vessel that were in existence in World War Two. Merchant Vessels: This section describes the various types of merchant vessel. These ships continued in their everyday tasks once war was declared, however all were exposed to the additional hazards of mines, torpedoes, air attack and surface attack without any meaningful protection of their own. Instead, they had to rely on others to protect them from harm. The descriptions below of merchant ships are focussed on their design during the Second World War. Since then there has been a significant change in the arrangement of world shipping, with mass containerisation and massive bulk ore and oil carriers replacing the ships described below. Along with an increase in size has come a reduction in crew. It was not unusual to have a total compliment of 80 or more, whereas now it is not unusual to have a total compliment of about 25. Improved designs (with respect to both safety and cargo carrying capacity) have generally removed the central navigation bridge, and the aircraft has all but eliminated the passenger liner. 1. Tanker: A tanker can be defined as: "A merchant ship, designed for the specific purpose of transporting liquid cargoes in bulk." Tankers generally have their machinery spaces aft (at the stern, or back end, of the ship). Forward of this are the cargo tanks. These are numbered from forward to aft, with the number one tank being the furthest forward. Each tank is further divided longitudinally (from fore to aft) by one or more oil-tight bulkheads, so the vessel may have an arrangement such as port number one tank, starboard number one tank, and (perhaps) centre number one tank. This improves stability by preventing liquid sloshing from side to side when the vessel rolls. One or more pump rooms would be provided, and these are used for discharging cargo. Tanks can be fitted with heating systems (to allow heating of heavy oils to enable them to flow), steam smothering systems (to put out a fire in the tank) and vents (to allow gas to escape). These vents would be fitted with flame arrestors on vessels where light oil cargoes were intended to be carried. At around the mid point of the ship would be the main superstructure, containing accommodation for deck officers, the navigation bridge and the radio room. The accommodation for the engineers would be at the stern, above the engine room. During the Second World War, tankers were

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