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HENRY JAMES
WASHINGTON SQUARE
Henry James was in many respects the inspirer of the modern
experimental novel. His theory of the novel is based on the premises laid
down in his famous essay "The Art of Fiction", where he asserts that the
novel should be concerned with the major values of life: "The only reason
for the existence of the novel is that it does attempt to represent life."
The author's interest concentrates not so much upon the external aspects
such as the past family relations, the social background, as it does upon
the inner side.
Washington Square , written in 1881, belongs to James' first period of
creation. This short novel reveals James' special gift as a subtle observer
of human behaviour and psychology in a money oriented society. The heroine
of the novel, Catherine Sloper, falls victim to a domineering father and an
interested suitor. At the age of 20, Catherine's advantage is her prospect
of inheriting a fortune and this attracts a suitor, Morris Townsend, who
proves to be a fortune-hunter. Dr. Sloper embodies the type of the parent
in a dramatic and fatal relationship with his only child. He is quite
singular in his refinement and sophisticated nature as well as in his
controlled impulse by reason and he is endowed with the faculty of self-
analysis.
The excerpt presenting the dialogue between Dr. Sloper and Morris
Townsend is one of the most brilliant examples of James' gift as a subtle
observer of man's behaviour and psychology and also his mastery of witty
dialogue handled in a straightforward manner by an omniscient writer. All
through the discussion, Dr. Sloper tries to make Morris betray his mean
interest in Catherine's allowance, while the latter avoids any direct
answer by feigning exaggerated modesty and reserve.
The doctor is informed that Morris Townsend has already spent all his
money and now depends on his sister , never thinking of a serious career.
Dr. Sloper is determined to try the young man's character by exposing him
to a witty examination and begins asking him whether he has really been
looking for a position. They both are clever, cunningly trying to find the
interlocutor's weak point and, through subtle allusions and half-truths,
are trying to trap each other. With faked modesty, Morris Townsend replies
that a "position" would be too much for him and that he is looking for a
"quiet place" where he would be able to turn "an honest penny" with his
"good right arm". But then he cunningly asks Dr. Sloper if he is of the
opinion he should not despair, implying he is waiting for the doctor to
offer him a good opportunity. Then, with a look at his neat polished shoes,
he asks the doctor whether he is intending to propose something to his
advantage. The doctor, in his turn, takes the opportunity to suggest to
Morris t |