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ERNEST HEMINGWAY
THE SHORT HAPPY LIFE OF FRANCIS MACOMBER
Like Joyce and Proust, Hemingway is a writer who uses the material of
his own life to construct fiction. For example, "A Farewell to Arms" (1929)
was inspired by his war experience in Italy, and "For Whom the Bell Tolls"
(1940) reflects part of his experience after travelling in Spain. He
believed that the writer's role was to work hard and write about true
things. Therefore he once remarked that his job as a writer was to "put
down what I see and what I feel in the best and simplest way I can tell
it." He writes only about those aspects of life he has encountered
personally, although those are many - warfare, big-game hunting, sports,
fishing, bull-fighting, etc.
The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber (1936) is based on the 1933-
1934 African trip. It is the tragic story of an American couple, Francis
and Margot Macomber who arrive in Nairobi and hire a professional hunter
named Wilson to take them on a hunt expedition. Macomber is a rather
spineless character- his wife despises him and makes no effort to conceal
her affaires to other man. Macomber hopes the solitude of the safari will
bring them back together. But on first day of hunting he disgraces himself
and loses his chance to win his wife esteem. He wounds a lion but dashes
away in front of it. Margot now snubs at him totally and begins to throw
herself at Wilson. Macomber knows about the affair, but in his disgrace he
is too weak to make any objections. At this point, Margot hates Francis,
Francis hates Wilson, and Wilson is beginning to despise them both.
The buffalo hunting scene represents the climax of this story. The
description of the chase shows us Hemingway as a writer preoccupied almost
exclusively with action, both in real life and in the life of his
characters, whose inner life is revealed by the actions they undertake.
Even the finer sensation of his characters - love, fear, loyalty - are re-
scaled by their physical reactions, thus Macomber is dominated by two
conflicting sensations - the first one is of terrible fright and the other
of unrestrained hatred. In order to render to the reader a feeling of
Macomber's almost animalic fear, Hemingway operates exclusively on the
level of the concrete images of the chase, as perceived by his character's
eyes. Macomber perceives all the dangerous anatomical details of the
galloping bull with the accuracy of a camera. He sees the bull "bigger and
bigger", "huge", "with shiny horns", his "plunging hugeness". His actions
are hasty, precipitated and he tries to shoot at the buffalo from the
moving car, afraid of an encounter with the animal on the ground. Once
Wilson calls him "a fool" and he has "no fear, only hatred for Wilson", his
physical reactions change completely. He become |